Attempts to introduce eco-friendly microbial pesticides as biological agents for combating fungal pathogens have been hampered by the lack of consistent field results.
Persistent challenges associated with the use of conventional fungicides include toxicity to humans and nontarget organisms, environmental pollution, and development of fungicide resistance ( Barnard, 2010 Burns et al., 2013 Kelley et al., 2013 Norgaard and Cedergreen, 2010). Disease management strategies have relied heavily on conventional chemical fungicides. Keywords: disease management dual culture technique Fusarium species Macrophomina root rot rhizosphere root rot pathogensįungal pathogens impose major constraints on agricultural production globally ( Collinge et al., 2010). thuringiensis (Y IMC8) exhibited the best performance as potential biological control agents paving the way for larger-scale in vivo studies and characterization of their interactions with fungal pathogens. This study constitutes an initial screening of endophytes as biological control agents against diverse fungal pathogens and forms a basis for the discovery of novel strains that can be further developed and integrated into disease management systems for diverse fungal pathogens. Growth media taken from the inhibition zones suppressed growth of the fungal pathogens in the absence of the bacterial cells, suggesting that the bacteria released unidentified antagonistic biochemical substances into the media. (B17B) suppressed growth of the fungal pathogens in vitro and formed clear inhibition zones in petri dish dual cultures. All bacteria isolated, including Bacillus vallismortis (PS), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Psl), Bacillus subtilis (Prt), Bacillus thuringiensis (Y and IMC8), Enterobacter sp. Subsequently, bacterial endophytes isolated from snap bean roots, papaya roots and stems, and dogwood stems were evaluated as potential biological control agents against these diverse fungi. Pathogenicity tests under controlled environment demonstrated that these fungi were pathogenic on snap beans. These soilborne fungi are common pathogens of diverse host plants. oxysporum were isolated on symptomatic plants.
Fungi isolated from snap bean roots and rhizosphere soil where fungicides are not used included Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium camptoceras, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium solani, Peyronellaea pinodella, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Glomerella guttata.
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